When the value of a main effect estimate comes from both the main effect itself and also contamination or bias from higher order interactions, what is believed to have happened?

OPTIONS

• The design got randomized
• The design got blocked
• The design experienced confounding
• The design got unbalanced

ANSWER

The design experienced confounding

EXPLANATION

When main effect comes from higher order interactions, example A + BCD, confounding is said to have occurred, so THE THIRD OPTION is correct.